早春马铃薯冻害减产的生理机制及生产对策研究

总结了华北地区早春受冻害马铃薯的生长表现及造成减产的生理原因,并提出了避免冻害发生的生产对策与建议。     

除草剂解毒剂解除乙草胺对水稻残留药害的活性研究

采用室内生物活性测定的方法,研究了除草剂解毒剂N-二氯乙酰基-2-甲基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂-螺[4,4]壬烷减轻除草剂乙草胺对后茬作物水稻的残留药害。通过对水稻株高和株鲜重等生理指标的测定,研究了该解毒剂对除草剂乙草胺的解毒效果。试验结果表明：在施用不用浓度的乙草胺的土壤中,用浓度为8mg·kg^-1的解毒剂浸种时,对水稻株高、株鲜重等生理指标均达到最佳的解毒效果,可使龙粳14水稻的株高恢复到对照的95.89％、84.07％、66.32％;株鲜重恢复到对照的107.56％、84.18％、67.92％。     

甘蔗汁对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的]通过建立大鼠酒精性肝损伤病理模型,探讨甘蔗汁对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。[方法]取大鼠40只随机分为4组,正常组、低剂量组、高剂组量和模型组。采用白酒灌胃的方法建立大鼠酒精性肝病模式,给予甘蔗汁进行保护。测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量,并取肝组织制作石蜡切片,HE染色,普通光镜观察。[结果]甘蔗汁能够直接提高SOD活性、降低MDA含量,且低剂量（7.5 m l/kg）和高剂量（15 m l/kg）能够有效清除活性氧和自由基,明显改善肝组织脂肪样变。[结论]甘蔗汁能抑制酒精诱导脂质过氧化反应对肝组织的损伤,对酒精性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

杭州地区蓝莓上金龟子的发生与防治

金龟子是为害蓝莓果实生产和扦插繁殖的主要害虫,对杭州地区蓝莓上的金龟子调查发现,金龟子发生种类主要为铜绿丽金龟(Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky)、东南大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia sauteri Moser)和暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky);3种金龟子在杭州地区1年均发生1代,成虫在4月初开始出现,盛发期为5月下旬至7月中旬。成虫通过取食叶片、花、果实给蓝莓果实生产和扦插繁殖造成危害。通过合理建园、春耕翻土、人工捕杀、设置防虫网,与化学防治相结合,进行综合防治,可获得较好的防治效果。     

腐胺对吸胀冷害下菜豆种子萌发及抗性的影响

为提高吸胀冷害下菜豆种子发芽率,缓解吸胀冷害对菜豆种子的伤害。以低温敏感型菜豆"热那亚"种子为试材,设置CK(常温对照)、LT(4℃低温处理)和LT+Put(4℃低温处理时加入1 mmol·L^-1的腐胺(Put))3个处理,研究外源Put对吸胀冷害下菜豆种子萌发及抗性的影响。结果表明:吸胀冷害下,外源Put处理后LT+Put组菜豆种子发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力与LT组相比分别提高了87.12%、124.21%和191.99%;LT+Put与LT处理相比细胞膜透性下降,可溶性物质含量增加,抗氧化酶活性升高,O2^-、H2O2和MDA含量增加。说明外源Put的施用可能通过降低细胞膜透性,增加可溶性物质含量,诱导抗氧化酶活性,直接或间接调节ROS清除系统来提高菜豆种子对吸胀冷害的抗性,提高菜豆种子的发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力。     

施肥水平对抽穗期水稻穗部温度的影响及其原因分析

在田间环境下, 利用2个冠层结构差异显著的水稻品种（扬稻6号、 扬粳9538）, 设置高、 中、 低3个施肥水平, 研究水稻抽穗期穗部温度特征, 以探讨水稻抗热避热的生态学机制。 穗部与大气的温度变化趋势基本一致, 但扬稻6号和扬粳9538的穗部平均温度分别比气温低3.58℃和3.04℃。 施肥水平显著影响大气 穗部的温度差, 高肥和中肥处理下, 2个品种的平均值分别比低肥的高1.54℃和0.90℃。 品种间大气 穗部温度差也存在差异, 扬稻6号平均比扬粳9538高0.85℃。 相关分析发现, 不同施肥水平下大气 穗部温度差与总叶面积指数、 穗上叶面积指数、 生物量和有效分蘖数呈极显著正相关, 而与穗部透光率呈极显著负相关。 说明通过优化田间管理比如合理的施肥来建立良好的群体结构, 对降低穗部温度, 提高水稻抗热避热能力的效应显著。     

Dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation

The aim of present study was to evaluate whether diets supplemented with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could alleviate intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 12 piglets with IUGR were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups), and another 12 piglets with IUGR were fed the basal diet supplemented with DHA at 80 mg/kg (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 d of age. At 49 d of age, 8 piglets with similar body weight in each group were sacrificed. The jejunal and ileal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that IUGR impaired intestinal morphology, increased intestinal inflammatory response, raised enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte proliferation and activated transmembrane toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Dihydroartemisinin inclusion ameliorated intestinal morphology, indicated by increased villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, villus surface area and decreased villus width of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets supplemented with DHA exhibited higher apoptosis index and caspase-3 expression, and lower proliferation index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dihydroartemisinin supplementation attenuated the intestinal inflammation of piglets with IUGR, indicated by increased concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA supplementation down-regulated the related mRNA expressions of TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated mRNA expressions of negative regulators of TLR4 and NOD signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Piglets in the IUGR-DHA group showed lower protein expressions of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB) inhibitor α, nuclear pNF-κB, and higher protein expression of cytoplasmic pNF-κB in the intestine than those in the IUGR-CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation could improve intestinal morphology, regulate enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and alleviate intestinal inflammation through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with IUGR.     

苗期低温胁迫下烯效唑对红小豆根系抗寒生理及产量的影响

为探讨烯效唑(S3307)在寒地红小豆生长中缓解低温伤害、保护根系的作用,建立红小豆抗冷生产技术体系,达到保产增产的目的,在盆栽条件下,以两个红小豆品种宝清红(耐冷型品种)和天津红(冷敏型品种)为材料,于苗期在人工气候室进行低温(15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5d)和叶面喷施20mg·L^-1S3307处理,对红小豆根系抗寒生理指标、产量及不同温度敏感性红小豆品种的S3307响应差异进行测定和分析。结果表明,幼苗期低温导致红小豆根系逆境生理指标发生变化,低温诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性的增强,引起可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的提高,同时也促使MDA含量上升,最终导致红小豆产量下降。与常温条件相比,喷施清水的宝清红和天津红,低温处理3d时,可溶性糖含量分别提高了59.21%和52.57%;脯氨酸含量分别提高了10.12%和25.39%;SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高了14.92%和11.01%、5.93%和0.75%、53.33%和13.33%。低温处理5d时,可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了6.27%和3.15%;MDA含量分别显著提高了45.41%和51.08%、产量分别显著下降了19.39%和41.69%。低温条件下,喷施S3307与喷施清水的宝清红和天津红相比较,处理3d时,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别提高了22.01%和0.46%、8.55%和1.40%;SOD活性分别提高了13.45%和24.06%、POD活性分别显著提高了23.60%和15.95%,CAT活性分别提高了4.35%和5.88%。处理5d时,MDA含量分别降低了9.05%和4.37%;产量分别显著提高23.06%和43.88%。综上,S3307通过增加可溶性物质和脯氨酸的含量,提高保护酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而缓解低温伤害,进而降低低温对红小豆造成的产量影响。     

Postanesthetic Pulmonary Edema In an Arab Stallion

A six-year-old arabian stallion was admitted to The Ohio State University Veterinary Hospital for evaluation and repair of a comminuted fracture of the second phalanx. The horse developed impaired arterial oxygenation during surgey and pulmonary edema post-operatively. We postulate that impaired arterial oxygenation resulted from atelectasis of the dependent lung during annesthesia, and the pulmonary edema occurred following re-expansion of the atelectatic of the initiating cause of the edema, removal of excess lung water from the alveoli, and restoration of normal arterial oxygenation. The horse was fully recovered within 12 hours of initiation of clinical signs of respiratory compromise. The horse was fully recovered within 12 hours of initiation of clinical signs of respiratory compromise. This report describes re-expansion pulmonary edema due to reperfusion injury in a horse, treatment of the condition, and a possible explanation of the pathogenesis of this pulmonary pathology.